Acción colectiva en contextos de fragilidad estatal (II)
Collective Action in Contexts of State Fragility (II)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15809674Palabras clave:
fragilidad estatal, acción colectiva, confianza, capital social, cohesión socialResumen
En el siguiente trabajo se analiza la acción colectiva en contextos de fragilidad estatal, caracterizados por la debilidad institucional y la erosión de la cohesión social, lo que dificulta la cooperación y genera dinámicas de fragmentación social. Se argumenta que, en estos escenarios, la confianza interpersonal y el capital social dejan de ser consecuencias de la acción colectiva protegida por el Estado y pasan a ser condiciones necesarias para su surgimiento. El artículo examina distintas conceptualizaciones de la confianza, desde enfoques racionales (Hardin) hasta perspectivas estructurales y culturales (Luhmann, Fukuyama), destacando su papel central en la formación del capital social. Asimismo, se exploran las relaciones entre capital económico, capital social y poder (Bourdieu), mostrando cómo la pérdida de capital económico reduce la capacidad de acumular capital social y, por ende, de ejercer poder en contextos de debilidad estatal. Finalmente, se presenta un modelo en el que la acumulación de confianza, dependiente de la cantidad y calidad de las interacciones sociales es clave para sostener el capital social ante la fragilidad institucional, distinguiendo distintos tipos y ámbitos de confianza relevantes para la cooperación social.
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